Herminia Pedro
herminia@mail.eselx.ipl.pt
Joćo Batalheiro
Haemolytic Anaemia
Assessment
Activity 9
The disease
Haemolytic anaemia is characterized by the destruction of the red globules, due to an intrinsic defect in the cellular membrane or enzymes.
Spherocytosis - is the most common anaemia of the haemoglobin. It is hereditary and affects one person in 5000 in northern Europe. There is a defect in the red globule membrane which makes it more vulnerable and shortens its life.
Infection causes widespread destruction of the red globules, with attacks of aplasia.Glucose 6 Phosphate Deficiency Dehydrogenation - is the most common haemolytic anaemia due to enzymatic deficiency. It affects about 100.000.000 men and is hereditary.
2 varieties: African, the least severe, and Mediterranean, the most devere (favism). Eating broad beans causes infection and destruction of the red globules.
Talassemia
These are haemolytic anaemias resulting from a mutation which affects the synthesis of the haemoglobin. It is very common in Mediterranean countries and in North Africa, with various degrees of severity.
The child
Has severe attacks of anaemia whenever there is infection and, in the case of G6FD deficiency, if he/she eats broad beans or peas.
Alteration in growth
Chronic anaemia
Openness to infection
Problems arising from frequent blood transfusions leading to an excess of iron with cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, hypofunction of the suprarenals of the thyroid and parathyroid.
The family
Family stigma / overprotection / guilty complex
The teacher's role
Recognize warning signals: temperature, icteric prostration.
Know who you should call in an emergency.
Know what brings on the disease and avoid the ingestion of broad beans or other oxidising foods such as peas.
Accompany and prepare hospitalization.
Physical exercise
Under supervision.
Children can do any kind of physical exercise when not suffering an attack.
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